{"id":1562,"date":"2026-09-22T13:22:32","date_gmt":"2026-09-22T13:22:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/?p=1562"},"modified":"2026-09-22T13:50:39","modified_gmt":"2026-09-22T13:50:39","slug":"upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"Is UPI Still Free? New MDR Rules Explained for Users &amp; Merchants"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We all already know UPI isn&#8217;t famous just in India it&#8217;s known across the entire world for its split-second payments. You can gauge its success from this: in <strong>August 2026 alone, it processed 2,451 crore (24.51 billion) total transactions worth $314 billion.<\/strong> On top of that, it&#8217;s not like you can only use UPI in India you can use it abroad too, in countries like the UAE, France, Singapore, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Mauritius, Qatar, Cambodia, Greece, and the Maldives, and this number keeps growing rapidly. Thanks to transaction speed, safety and convenience, it has become the flagship product of India&#8217;s fintech revolution, loved the world over.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But from October 15, 2026, the &#8220;free&#8221; tag comes off UPI payments and what that actually means for regular users and merchants like us is exactly what we&#8217;re breaking down in detail in today&#8217;s article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_86 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#Whats_actually_changing_in_UPI\" >What&#8217;s actually changing in UPI?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#Merchant_Discount_Rate_MDR\" >Merchant Discount Rate (MDR)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#How_this_actually_affects_everyday_users\" >How this actually affects everyday users<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#Are_merchant_payment_rates_or_charges_changing\" >Are merchant payment rates or charges changing?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#Why_the_government_and_NPCI_brought_in_these_changes\" >Why the government and NPCI brought in these changes?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#The_operating_and_maintenance_costs_of_UPI_infrastructure\" >The operating and maintenance costs of UPI infrastructure<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#Broader_impact_on_Indias_digital_payments_ecosystem\" >Broader impact on India\u2019s digital payments ecosystem<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#Unified_Payments_Interfaces_global_footprint_and_future\" >Unified Payments Interface&#8217;s global footprint and future<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#Conclusion_What_does_this_mean_for_you\" >Conclusion What does this mean for you?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#Founders_and_entrepreneurs_split_verdict_on_UPIs_new_fees\" >Founders and entrepreneurs: split verdict on UPI\u2019s new fees<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#Sameer_Nigam_PhonePe_co-founder_CEO\" >Sameer Nigam, PhonePe co-founder &amp; CEO<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#Vijay_Shekhar_Sharma_Paytm_founder_CEO\" >Vijay Shekhar Sharma, Paytm founder &amp; CEO<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#Upasana_Taku_MobiKwik_co-founder\" >Upasana Taku, MobiKwik co-founder<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#Kunal_Shah_WhatsApp_Pay\" >Kunal Shah, WhatsApp Pay<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#Ashneer_Grover_former_BharatPe_co-founder\" >Ashneer Grover, former BharatPe co-founder<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#Nithin_Kamath_Zerodha_founder\" >Nithin Kamath, Zerodha founder<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#Fintech_investors_and_VCs_collective_view\" >Fintech investors and VCs (collective view)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#Here_are_the_key_takeaways_our_readers_need_to_know\" >Here are the key takeaways our readers need to know:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#FAQs\" >FAQs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#1_Whats_changing_with_UPI\" >1. What\u2019s changing with UPI?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#2_As_a_UPI_user_will_I_have_to_pay_any_fee\" >2. As a UPI user, will I have to pay any fee?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#3_What_transactions_are_impacted\" >3. What transactions are impacted?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#4_Is_UPI_free_from_October_15_2026\" >4. Is UPI free from October 15, 2026?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#5_Will_Google_Pay_PhonePe_or_Paytm_start_charging_users_for_UPI\" >5. Will Google Pay, PhonePe, or Paytm start charging users for UPI?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#6_What_is_MDR_Merchant_Discount_Rate_in_Unified_Payments_Interface\" >6. What is MDR (Merchant Discount Rate) in Unified Payments Interface?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#7_Why_is_Unified_Payments_Interface_introducing_charges_now\" >7. Why is Unified Payments Interface introducing charges now?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#8_Will_small_merchants_have_to_pay_the_new_UPI_fee\" >8. Will small merchants have to pay the new UPI fee?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#9_Are_person-to-person_P2P_Unified_Payments_Interfacetransfers_affected\" >9. Are person-to-person (P2P) Unified Payments Interfacetransfers affected?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#10_What_happens_to_UPI_payments_for_railways_telecom_and_insurance\" >10. What happens to UPI payments for railways, telecom, and insurance?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#11_Does_the_new_fee_apply_to_mutual_fund_or_stock_market_transactions\" >11. Does the new fee apply to mutual fund or stock market transactions?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#12_Can_merchants_pass_the_Unified_Payments_Interface_MDR_cost_on_to_customers\" >12. Can merchants pass the Unified Payments Interface MDR cost on to customers?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#13_Does_this_change_affect_UPIs_use_in_other_countries\" >13. Does this change affect UPI&#8217;s use in other countries?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/creditsea.com\/blogs\/upi-mdr-charges-2026-explained\/#14_Who_benefits_from_the_new_UPI_MDR_revenue\" >14. Who benefits from the new UPI MDR revenue?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Whats_actually_changing_in_UPI\"><\/span>What&#8217;s actually changing in UPI?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There&#8217;s a lot of misleading news floating around claiming online transactions are no longer free like before and honestly, that&#8217;s both true and false. Let&#8217;s understand this properly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From <strong>October 15, 2026,<\/strong> the transaction fee applies only to merchants, not regular users so the first thing to get clear in your head is: no fee applies to regular users like us. It only applies to merchants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Merchant_Discount_Rate_MDR\"><\/span>Merchant Discount Rate (MDR)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Transaction type<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Merchant Discount Rate (MDR)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Person-to-person (P2P) transfers<\/strong><\/td><td>Zero, at any amount<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Merchant payments up to \u20b92,000<\/strong><\/td><td>Zero<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Merchant payments above \u20b92,000<\/strong><\/td><td>0.4%, capped at \u20b9300 for transactions of \u20b975,000 and above<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Railways, telecom, essential-sector payments<\/strong><\/td><td>Flat \u20b95 above \u20b92,000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Small merchants (up to \u20b91 lakh\/month via UPI QR)<\/strong><\/td><td>Remain exempt, zero MDR<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Mutual funds, securities, stockbroking<\/strong><\/td><td>0.02%, capped at \u20b9300<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Looking at this chart, it should now be clear exactly what&#8217;s changing in UPI transactions from October 15, 2026, and how it works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_this_actually_affects_everyday_users\"><\/span>How this actually affects everyday users<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>You will not be charged directly. NPCI and the government have repeatedly said that MDR is a merchant side fee and cannot be passed on to consumers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Small payments are free, still. More than 95% of UPI person-to-merchant transactions are below Rs 2,000 and are unaffected.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Potential indirect effects: Some large merchants may try to direct customers to cheaper modes or adjust pricing over time, but regulators have made it clear that the fee is a cost for the merchant to absorb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Your Unified Payments Interface experience is unchanged for most daily use cases &#8211; kirana stores, food delivery, transit, utilities below \u20b92,000.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Are_merchant_payment_rates_or_charges_changing\"><\/span>Are merchant payment rates or charges changing?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes, but in a concentrated way:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Standard merchants &#8211;<\/strong> 0.4% MDR on P2M more than \u20b92,000, up to \u20b9300 for transaction \u2265 \u20b975,000.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Key sectors (rail, telecom, insurance, fuel) &#8211;<\/strong> Flat \u20b95 for each transaction over \u20b92,000.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Small merchants &#8211;<\/strong> UPI QR to free from MDR up to Rs 1 lakh\/month<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Capital market transactions &#8211;<\/strong> A nominal fee of 0.02% up to \u20b9300.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The design seeks to protect the long tail of small businesses, while shifting the responsibility for system costs to larger, high-value merchants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_the_government_and_NPCI_brought_in_these_changes\"><\/span>Why the government and NPCI brought in these changes?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Authorities say the model is not financially sustainable at the current scale of Unified Payments Interface after six years of a zero-MDR regime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Increasing operational costs:<\/strong> NPCI figures quoted by industry estimate that the cost of running UPI comprising servers, bandwidth, fraud prevention, settlement systems, and bank support is around \u20b920,000 crore (~$2.1-2.2 billion) per year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Subsidy limits:<\/strong> The government was paying \u20b92,000 crore annually as subsidies to keep zero-MDR alive, but that was a minuscule part of the real cost.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>MDR purpose:<\/strong> Revenue to be shared among banks, payment service providers and Unified Payments Interface app providers to fund infrastructure resilience, cybersecurity, fraud prevention, innovation and customer service, including expansion in rural and semi-urban areas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In official language, this is not framed as a tax, but as a mechanism to ensure \u201cviable revenue\u201d for the ecosystem so UPI can keep scaling securely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_operating_and_maintenance_costs_of_UPI_infrastructure\"><\/span>The operating and maintenance costs of UPI infrastructure<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">UPI&#8217;s cost structure is enormous because the system is enormous:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Estimated annual cost:<\/strong> 20,000 crore ($2.1 billion) \u2013 includes server capacity, bandwidth, fraud detection, technical support, settlement infrastructure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Scale driving costs:<\/strong> In August 2026 alone, UPI processed 24.51 billion transactions; FY26 saw a total of 24,162 crore transactions with value nearing \u20b9314 lakh<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Why it\u2019s important:<\/strong> Small per-transaction costs add up fast at this volume. The new MDR is intended to move some of that burden from the state to the merchants who profit most from high-value digital collections.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Broader_impact_on_Indias_digital_payments_ecosystem\"><\/span>Broader impact on India\u2019s digital payments ecosystem<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The move indicates a strategic shift from \u201cgrowth at all costs\u201d to \u201csustainable scale.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Innovation funding:<\/strong> NPCI says MDR proceeds will be used to fund cybersecurity upgrades, fraud prevention and service improvements, which are critical as transaction volumes and attack surfaces increase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Equal footing:<\/strong> UPI\u2019s zero-MDR model was under attack for skewing competition with card networks that charge MDR. A calibrated fee closes that gap without killing the affordability of Unified Payments Interface for small payments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Safeguarding financial inclusion:<\/strong> The framework aims to safeguard UPI\u2019s inclusion gains by exempting small merchants and low-value transactions while asking bigger players to contribute.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Investor and fintech dynamics:<\/strong> Banks and payment apps have modest revenue upside, but long-term gains will hinge on how well they can translate this into better services and value-added financial products.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Unified_Payments_Interfaces_global_footprint_and_future\"><\/span>Unified Payments Interface&#8217;s global footprint and future<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">UPI has already crossed India\u2019s borders:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Based in 11 Countries:<\/strong> UAE, France, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Singapore, Mauritius, Qatar, Cambodia, Greece and Maldives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Diaspora and remittances:<\/strong> Indian policymakers are looking to reduce the 3-4% fees that millions of NRIs pay on remittances through UPI-linked cross-border rails.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Strategic export:<\/strong> Prime Minister Narendra Modi, at Global Fintech Fest 2026, urged the industry to link UPI with the payment systems of more countries and promoted it as an alternative to legacy correspondent banking channels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The new MDR is not to derail UPI\u2019s global ambition. It is to make the domestic engine more durable so that the international expansion can continue without constant subsidy debate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion_What_does_this_mean_for_you\"><\/span>Conclusion What does this mean for you?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The &#8220;free for everyone&#8221; blanket has been lifted by UPI&#8217;s new rules, but the changes have been surgical: everyday users still pay nothing, small merchants remain exempt, and only higher-value merchant transactions attract a modest 0.4% fee (capped at \u20b9300) with essential services paying just \u20b95. The logic is simple UPI now processes tens of billions of transactions a year, and maintaining that scale in a secure manner requires a revenue model beyond government subsidies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Founders_and_entrepreneurs_split_verdict_on_UPIs_new_fees\"><\/span>Founders and entrepreneurs: split verdict on UPI\u2019s new fees<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Founders and entrepreneurs are sharply divided over UPI\u2019s new merchant charges. Payment-app leaders welcome the 0.4% MDR as essential for sustainability, stressing consumers remain unaffected. Critics like Ashneer Grover and Thyrocare\u2019s Velumani argue RBI and banks should keep UPI free longer, calling the levy a backdoor tax on merchants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sameer_Nigam_PhonePe_co-founder_CEO\"><\/span>Sameer Nigam, PhonePe co-founder &amp; CEO<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nigam has been the strongest supporter of the new MDR, arguing that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The payments industry has been \u201cbleeding money\u201d for years and cannot keep depending on government subsidies.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He emphasizes that UPI will remain 100% free for all Indian consumers and that around 96% of transactions (those under \u20b92,000) are untouched by the fee. On critics like Ashneer Grover who suggest RBI and the government should subsidize UPI from their surpluses, Nigam has dismissed such comments, saying he doesn\u2019t take \u201cnon-serious actors\u201d seriously and that it\u2019s not his job to decide how regulators use their capital.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vijay_Shekhar_Sharma_Paytm_founder_CEO\"><\/span>Vijay Shekhar Sharma, Paytm founder &amp; CEO<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sharma has described:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The framework as a \u201cRobin Hood\u201d approach that makes UPI self-sustaining by asking larger merchants to contribute while protecting ordinary users and small shopkeepers.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">He has highlighted that the additional revenue will come from merchant business, not consumers, and will help fund security, innovation, and wider acceptance without breaking UPI\u2019s zero-cost promise for everyday payments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Upasana_Taku_MobiKwik_co-founder\"><\/span>Upasana Taku, MobiKwik co-founder<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Taku has called:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The MDR a \u201cvery positive step,\u201d saying rising infrastructure costs have put pressure on banks and payment companies and that a sustainable revenue model is essential for the long-term health of digital payments.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">She has criticized those opposing UPI MDR, arguing that the move strengthens rather than weakens the ecosystem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kunal_Shah_WhatsApp_Pay\"><\/span>Kunal Shah, WhatsApp Pay<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shah has described:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The move as a \u201cgreat move forward\u201d for the ecosystem, aligning with other major payment players who see the fee as necessary to support ongoing investment in security, reliability, and expansion.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ashneer_Grover_former_BharatPe_co-founder\"><\/span>Ashneer Grover, former BharatPe co-founder<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Grover has emerged as the most high-profile critic, arguing that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">RBI, NPCI, and banks already report large profits or surpluses and should use part of that to keep UPI free instead of imposing MDR.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In TV interviews, he has said any levy on UPI should honestly be called a \u201ctax,\u201d not just a merchant fee, and has urged policymakers to keep UPI completely free to maintain India\u2019s edge in digital payments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nithin_Kamath_Zerodha_founder\"><\/span>Nithin Kamath, Zerodha founder<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kamath\u2019s concerns have focused more on costs and broker economics than on UPI\u2019s principle of free consumer payments. He has questioned how the new MDR and related payment costs interact with the unit economics of brokers and other digital businesses that rely heavily on low-cost payments, suggesting the structure may not be optimal for all segments of the ecosystem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fintech_investors_and_VCs_collective_view\"><\/span>Fintech investors and VCs (collective view)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beyond individual founders, venture capitalists told media that UPI MDR will boost profit margins for payment fintechs, leading to higher valuation multiples and better funding prospects for seed and mid-stage startups in the space. For investors, the move effectively ends the \u201cfree forever\u201d myth and makes payment startups more investable on traditional revenue metrics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Must Read &#8211; <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/blogs\/personal-loan-for-low-cibil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Personal Loan for Low CIBIL: Eligibility, Rates &amp; How to Apply Safely<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Here_are_the_key_takeaways_our_readers_need_to_know\"><\/span>Here are the key takeaways our readers need to know:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>You daily UPI payments, especially those below \u20b92,000, will not be impacted.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The fee is paid by merchants, not consumers, and is intended to cover security, reliability and future innovation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UPI\u2019s global expansion is gaining momentum and a financially sustainable domestic base strengthens its case as a global payments standard.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In essence, India is trading a subsidy-only model for a more mature, self-sustaining one. The bet is that a slightly costlier system for large merchants will keep UPI fast, safe and globally competitive for everyone else.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Get <a href=\"https:\/\/www.creditsea.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.creditsea.com\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Instant Personal Loan<\/a> upto 2 Lakhs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span>FAQs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1789987733186\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Whats_changing_with_UPI\"><\/span>1. What\u2019s changing with UPI?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) will be applicable on select person to merchant (P2M) UPI transactions above \u20b92,000, from October 15, 2026. The rate is 0.4% and is capped at \u20b9300 for transactions beyond \u20b975,000.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1789987752234\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_As_a_UPI_user_will_I_have_to_pay_any_fee\"><\/span>2. As a UPI user, will I have to pay any fee?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. There will be no transaction charge for regular UPI users. The MDR is paid by the merchant, not the consumer and app providers cannot charge a platform fee to the users.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1789987774185\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_What_transactions_are_impacted\"><\/span>3. What transactions are impacted?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Only a few P2M UPI transactions above Rs 2,000. Payments to merchants up to \u20b92,000 continue to be free and all person-to-person (P2P) transfers are still absolutely free, regardless of the amount.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790081890185\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Is_UPI_free_from_October_15_2026\"><\/span>4. Is UPI free from October 15, 2026?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes UPI is 100% free for normal users. Merchants accepting payments above \u20b92,000 will be charged a Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) of 0.4% up to a cap of \u20b9300.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790082201704\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Will_Google_Pay_PhonePe_or_Paytm_start_charging_users_for_UPI\"><\/span>5. Will Google Pay, PhonePe, or Paytm start charging users for UPI?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Payment apps cannot pass on MDR to consumers. All P2P transfers and P2M payments up to Rs. 2,000 are free of charge.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790082254458\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_What_is_MDR_Merchant_Discount_Rate_in_Unified_Payments_Interface\"><\/span>6. What is MDR (Merchant Discount Rate) in Unified Payments Interface?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>MDR is a fee that merchants pay on digital transactions. There will be a 0.4% MDR applicable on UPI merchant payments of more than \u20b92,000 with a cap of \u20b9300 for transactions of \u20b975,000 and above from October 15, 2026.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790082323064\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Why_is_Unified_Payments_Interface_introducing_charges_now\"><\/span>7. Why is Unified Payments Interface introducing charges now?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Zero-MDR model not sustainable: NPCI UPI\u2019s annual operating cost is about Rs 20,000 crore while the government subsidies were only about Rs 2,000 crore.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790082357802\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Will_small_merchants_have_to_pay_the_new_UPI_fee\"><\/span>8. Will small merchants have to pay the new UPI fee?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Merchants with UPI QR transactions of up to \u20b91 lakh\/month are fully exempt from MDR.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790082396951\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Are_person-to-person_P2P_Unified_Payments_Interfacetransfers_affected\"><\/span>9. Are person-to-person (P2P) Unified Payments Interfacetransfers affected?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. P2P transfers are completely free, regardless of the amount.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790082438177\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_What_happens_to_UPI_payments_for_railways_telecom_and_insurance\"><\/span>10. What happens to UPI payments for railways, telecom, and insurance?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>For these payments in essential sectors above \u20b92,000, instead of a percentage-based MDR, a flat fee of \u20b95 is charged.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790082562201\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Does_the_new_fee_apply_to_mutual_fund_or_stock_market_transactions\"><\/span>11. Does the new fee apply to mutual fund or stock market transactions?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, capital market transactions (Mutual Funds, Securities, Stockbroking) are charged @ 0.02% with a cap of \u20b9300.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790082612689\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_Can_merchants_pass_the_Unified_Payments_Interface_MDR_cost_on_to_customers\"><\/span>12. Can merchants pass the Unified Payments Interface MDR cost on to customers?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Regulators say MDR is a cost to the merchant and cannot be passed on to consumers directly, though large merchants may, over time, adjust pricing indirectly.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790082660233\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_Does_this_change_affect_UPIs_use_in_other_countries\"><\/span>13. Does this change affect UPI&#8217;s use in other countries?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Nope. This MDR is applicable only for domestic P2M payments. UPI remains operational in countries like UAE, Singapore, France and Nepal. This update is aimed at bolstering the domestic system to accelerate global expansion.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790082701342\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"14_Who_benefits_from_the_new_UPI_MDR_revenue\"><\/span>14. Who benefits from the new UPI MDR revenue?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A revenue share model among banks, payment service providers and UPI app providers to fund cyber security, fraud prevention, infrastructure and rural\/semi urban expansion.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.creditsea.com\/loan\/instant-personal-loan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\" noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"205\" src=\"https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Top-NBFC-in-India-1-1024x205.webp\" alt=\"UPI\" class=\"wp-image-853\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Top-NBFC-in-India-1-1024x205.webp 1024w, https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Top-NBFC-in-India-1-300x60.webp 300w, https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Top-NBFC-in-India-1-768x154.webp 768w, https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Top-NBFC-in-India-1-1536x307.webp 1536w, https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Top-NBFC-in-India-1-2048x410.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>We all already know UPI isn&#8217;t famous just in India it&#8217;s known across the entire world for its split-second payments&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1571,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[52],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-trending"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1562","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1562"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1562\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1572,"href":"https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1562\/revisions\/1572"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1562"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1562"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wp.creditsea.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1562"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}